Hepatitis C is a blood-borne virus that primarily affects the liver, leading to inflammation and potential liver damage if left untreated. The virus is transmitted through blood-to-blood contact, which can occur in various ways such as through blood transfusions, intravenous drug use, or medical procedures involving contaminated blood. Baby boomers, born between 1945 and 1965, have been found to have higher rates of hepatitis C infection due to medical practices before the identification of the virus. Globally, the virus affects around 50 million people with 1 million new infections occurring annually.
One of the challenging aspects of hepatitis C is that it is often a silent infection, with many individuals not experiencing any symptoms. Some individuals may notice mild symptoms like fatigue and muscle aches, while others may develop jaundice. However, long-term infection can lead to more severe consequences such as liver scarring (cirrhosis), liver failure, and liver cancer. It is estimated that liver cancer caused by hepatitis C is responsible for around a quarter of a million deaths each year.
The discovery of hepatitis C in 1989 paved the way for significant advancements in treatment options. Initially, treatments involved lengthy courses of injections with various side effects and low cure rates. However, by 2013, the first tablet treatment was licensed, revolutionizing the approach to managing the virus. Nowadays, highly effective treatments with minimal side effects are available, offering close to a 100% cure rate in just eight to 12 weeks of treatment. These treatments have been instrumental in the global efforts towards hepatitis C elimination, with the World Health Organization setting ambitious targets for reducing new infections and deaths by 2030.
The UK has been proactive in its approach to addressing hepatitis C, with the government aiming to eliminate the virus by 2025. Following the surge in demand for hepatitis C tests after the publication of the infected blood inquiry findings in May 2024, the UK government has made free confidential tests available for individuals to use at home. This initiative is part of the country’s strategy to identify and treat individuals who may be unaware of their hepatitis C status. By increasing testing accessibility and awareness, the UK hopes to make significant progress towards achieving its elimination goals.
The increase in demand for hepatitis C tests in the UK highlights the importance of addressing this silent but potentially severe infection. With advancements in treatment options and a global focus on elimination, there is hope for a future where hepatitis C is no longer a public health concern. By raising awareness, promoting testing, and providing effective treatments, the UK is on track to lead the way in combating hepatitis C and improving the health outcomes of affected individuals.
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