Physical exercise has long been touted as a critical component of a healthy lifestyle. However, recent research suggests that the intensity of exercise may play a significant role in preserving cognitive function, particularly in individuals with hypertension and a high risk of cardiovascular disease.
A study conducted by an international team of researchers examined the impact of relatively intense physical exercise on cognitive impairment and dementia risk in 9,361 US adults over the age of 50. The participants, all non-diabetic, were found to have hypertension and a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to determine the amount and intensity of exercise needed to preserve cognition in this high-risk group.
According to physician and clinical professor Richard Kazibwe from Wake Forest University, engaging in at least one session of vigorous physical activity (VPA) per week led to a reduced risk of cognitive decline. Only 8.7 percent of individuals who met this criteria developed mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia, as opposed to 11.7 percent of those who did not engage in as much exercise. The study also found that nearly 60 percent of participants were meeting the criteria of at least one VPA per week.
While the benefits of intense physical exercise on cognitive function were evident in the study, they were found to be less pronounced in individuals over the age of 75. However, it was noted that a higher number of older adults are engaging in physical exercise, which suggests that those who recognize the importance of exercise may be more inclined to exercise at a higher intensity.
It is essential to note that the study relied on self-reported exercise routines, without independent assessment. Therefore, the data presented does not establish a direct link between intense activity and cognitive function preservation. Further research is needed to include device-based physical activity measurements and a more diverse range of participants, including those without hypertension, to analyze this relationship further.
Despite the limitations of the study, the findings highlight the potential benefits of intense physical exercise in preserving cognitive function, especially in high-risk individuals. While more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between exercise intensity and cognitive health, the existing evidence underscores the importance of staying active as we age. As physician Richard Kazibwe emphasizes, “While this study provides evidence that vigorous exercise may preserve cognitive function in high-risk patients with hypertension, more research is needed to include device-based physical activity measurements and more diverse participant populations.”
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