Bookworms may be a cute term for avid readers, but in reality, these creatures, along with microorganisms and time itself, can deteriorate the flour pastes commonly used in historic bookbinding. Researchers have delved into the proteins found in wheat-based glues used in ancient bookbinding techniques to gain insight into their adhesiveness and degradation over time. This information is crucial for conservators looking to restore and preserve valuable books for future generations.
Historically, wheat-based glues have been utilized in bookbinding since Ancient Egypt, yet little was known about the protein composition of these adhesives. Flour glues, derived from the inside of wheat grains, contain gluten that attracts bookworms and microorganisms. In contrast, starch glue, made from the proteins left after gluten extraction, is less appealing to pests. Understanding the proteins present in these glues and their impact on adhesion can assist conservators in selecting the most effective restoration methods and materials.
Rocio Prisby and her team conducted protein profiling of both flour and starch glues to identify key differences between them. By utilizing mass spectrometry and bioinformatics software, the researchers were able to determine the protein composition and abundance in the glues. Their findings revealed that flour glue contains a higher number and variety of proteins compared to starch glue. Moreover, the proteins in starch glue were found to be more durable and flexible, making it a potentially superior choice for book repair efforts.
The researchers applied their protein profiles to analyze historic bookbinding samples from the National Library of Medicine archives. Through their analysis, they confirmed the presence of flour-based adhesives in the samples, as evidenced by the gluten content. Furthermore, they identified degraded gluten in the samples, indicating potential damage and loss of adhesive properties. They also noted the interplay between the chemical breakdown of leather and glue in book covers, which could accelerate overall deterioration. This valuable information can alert conservators to the need for timely repairs, potentially saving books from irreparable harm.
The study highlights the significance of protein analysis in guiding conservation efforts for precious books and manuscripts. By understanding the protein makeup of wheat-based glues and their effects on adhesion and degradation, conservators can make informed decisions when it comes to restoring and preserving valuable literary works. This research not only sheds light on the science behind book restoration but also underscores the importance of proactive conservation practices in safeguarding our cultural heritage for future generations.
Leave a Reply